Stabilizing India’s population: easier said than done
نویسنده
چکیده
* Institut national d’études démographiques. Sources: United Nations. population of 361 million and annual population growth of 1.25% (between 1941 and 1951). The government introduced a family planning programme to make cheap and effective contraception available to all categories of the population. Emphasis was also placed on raising the marriage age of girls in a bid to reduce fertility (the average age of girls at marriage was 15.6 at the time), sterilization was promoted, and abortion was legalized for married women in the early 1970s. In the 2001 census, India’s population totalled just over a billion people (1.027 billion). According to United Nations projections, the figure could reach 1.6 billion by 2050 (Figure 1). India is thus expected to overtake China by 200 million people. The Indian government's concern to control population growth dates back many years and a population policy was introduced for this purpose. However, stabilization is still a long way off in India, unlike in China, where the population is expected to level off by 2030. Although population growth has slowed considerably, India has accumulated such potential for growth that the target of population stabilization has had to be regularly deferred. The population policy introduced in 2000 forecast stabilization by 2045. In the light of the United Nations projections, that horizon will probably also have to be pushed back.
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